Goodbye
Melasma

Melasma develops due to overproduction of melanin  the pigment that gives skin its color in certain areas of the skin. This process is driven by a combination of hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors that stimulate melanocytes (the cells that produce melanin) to become overactive.

The main causes and contributing factors are:

1. Sun Exposure (UV & Visible Light): Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most powerful trigger. It increases melanin synthesis and causes inflammation, which activates melanocytes. Visible light, especially in people with darker skin types, can also worsen pigmentation. This is why melasma often appears or darkens after time in the sun — even short exposure can trigger recurrence.

2. Hormonal Factors: Estrogen and progesterone play a major role. They increase melanocyte sensitivity to UV light and promote melanin production. Common hormonal triggers include pregnancy (“chloasma” or “mask of pregnancy”), oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

3. Genetic Predisposition: Melasma often runs in families. It is more common in people with Fitzpatrick skin types III–V (medium to darker complexions). Genetic factors may determine how reactive your melanocytes are to hormones or sunlight.

4. Skin Irritation & Cosmetics: Certain cosmetics or skin-care products that irritate or inflame the skin can trigger or worsen melasma. This includes some perfumes, soaps, or treatments that increase photosensitivity.

5. Medications and Medical Conditions: Some photosensitizing drugs (like certain antibiotics, antiseizure drugs, or NSAIDs) can make the skin more reactive to sunlight. Thyroid disease has also been associated with melasma in some cases.

6. Other Contributing Factors: Heat and infrared light (for example, from cooking or saunas) can worsen pigmentation. Inflammation from acne, eczema, or injury can sometimes trigger melasma-like hyperpigmentation.